O ICCREP, mede em termos reais a nossa
competitividade cambial em relação aos parceiros comerciais que Portugal tem
comércio externo. O ICCREP tem a ponderação do peso de cada país em relação ao
total das trocas comerciais, a variação da taxa de câmbio ao certo, e a
ponderação do Índice de Preços do Consumidor de cada país. Portugal é um país
periférico em termos geográficos na União Europeia. O ICCREP tem como fontes
nacionais, o Ministério da Economia - Gabinete de Estudos Económicos, Instituto
Nacional de Estatística e o Banco de Portugal. Como fontes internacionais tem o
Fundo Monetário Internacional, o Banco Mundial, a OCDE, o EUROSTAT, e os Bancos
Centrais dos países analisados. Os países parceiros comerciais de Portugal
analisados são mais de 70, que representam cerca de 96 % das trocas comerciais.
Portugal tem uma abertura ao comércio externo de cerca de 60%. No ICCREP estão
incluídos países da Europa comunitária, da EFTA, de África, Américas, Ásia e
Oceânia. Os indicadores que compõem o ICCREP são: as exportações e as
importações (valores mensais e trimestrais), moeda estrangeira com o euro ao certo
(valores iniciais e finais do trimestre), o índice de preços do consumidor
(valores iniciais e finais do mês e do trimestre), a ponderação de cada país
nas relações comerciais com Portugal, a Taxa de Câmbio nominal, e a variação do
Índice de Preços do Consumidor. Em 2010 foram introduzidas mais algumas
variáveis que influenciam a competitividade externa da Economia Portuguesa.
Macroeconomicus
Este é um blog dedicado à análise da conjuntura macroeconómica, das políticas económicas e dos seus efeitos a curto e a longo prazo.
quarta-feira, setembro 06, 2017
domingo, dezembro 25, 2016
quarta-feira, novembro 30, 2016
segunda-feira, novembro 14, 2016
Conferência sobre "Oportunidades de Negócios em Marrocos"
Conferência sobre "Oportunidades de Negócios em Marrocos", no Auditório Agostinho da Silva, na Universidade Lusófona, dia 16 de Novembro, quarta-feira, às 15.00 horas, com a presença do Dr. Samir Labdi, um dos mais reconhecidos e reputados advogados facilitador de negócios em Marrocos.
Para obter um convite pessoal e exclusivo para esta conferência adira ao grupo de debate LinkedIn do OLAE - Observatório Lusófono de Atividades Económicas.
Para obter um convite pessoal e exclusivo para esta conferência adira ao grupo de debate LinkedIn do OLAE - Observatório Lusófono de Atividades Económicas.
domingo, outubro 09, 2016
Conferência «Guiné-Bissau: A Porta de Entrada da Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental»
A Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Portugal Guiné-Bissau (CCIPGB), a Embaixada da Guiné-
-Bissau, a Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias e o Observatório Lusófono
de Actividades Económicas (OLAE), com o apoio da RTP África e da AICEP Portugal Global,
promovem a conferência internacional intitulada «Guiné-Bissau – A Porta de Entrada da
Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental» que terá lugar no dia 20 de
Outubro, pelas 14h30, no Auditório Agostinho da Silva da Universidade Lusófona.
-Bissau, a Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias e o Observatório Lusófono
de Actividades Económicas (OLAE), com o apoio da RTP África e da AICEP Portugal Global,
promovem a conferência internacional intitulada «Guiné-Bissau – A Porta de Entrada da
Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental» que terá lugar no dia 20 de
Outubro, pelas 14h30, no Auditório Agostinho da Silva da Universidade Lusófona.
segunda-feira, setembro 19, 2016
domingo, julho 17, 2016
Comportamento da inflação angolana dá razão à previsão do OLAE. Variação de preços em Angola em linha com o relatório “Angola Outlook 2016” do OLAE.
Segundo o relatório mensal do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) de Angola, a inflação estava em Junho de 2016, face ao mesmo mês do ano anterior, em 22,19 pontos percentuais mais alta. A previsão do OLAE para a inflação situou-se nos 22,7%, visível no gráfico seguinte, com acerto exato em Junho 2016, enquanto o Orçamento de Estado para 2016 previa uma taxa de inflação de 11% em 2016.
terça-feira, julho 05, 2016
quinta-feira, junho 30, 2016
quarta-feira, junho 29, 2016
Schauble contínua a tentar enterrar Portugal e pelo menos consegue fazer subir os juros da dívida. Chico espertismo da pior espécie!!!
Este ministro das finanças alemão continua incorrigível. Não aprendeu nada com o Brexit. Agora faz afirmações incendiárias para tentar enervar os mercados, o que levaria ao aumento dos juros da dívida portuguesa até valores insustentáveis e ao tal eventual pedido de resgate que ele tanto deve querer. Tentativa bacoca de arranjar uma "profecia autocomprovável", que nem o recuo imediato que ele fez pode apagar. É assim que a Europa reage ao descontentamento generalizado. Piorando as coisas. Pois. Porque como é sabido há alguns que quanto pior para os outros, melhor para eles. Estamos edificados!
segunda-feira, junho 27, 2016
sexta-feira, junho 24, 2016
Os culpados do Brexit
O resultado do referendo de ontem no Reino Unido não foi uma
surpresa total, de acordo com o que já tínhamos comentado há alguns dias atrás.
Opositores do projeto europeu, nacionalistas, xenófobos,
anti-imigrantes e o discurso do ódio, sempre existiram e irão continuar a
existir, em muitos países da Europa e não apenas no Reino Unido.
Infelizmente, do meu ponto de vista, os verdadeiros culpados
deste resultado não são os opositores nem os inimigos da União Europeia, mas
sim os que tinham a obrigação de defender a Europa, os seus valores de
solidariedade e da construção de um espaço de paz e harmonia, de acordo com o
legado dos pais fundadores e de líderes do passado. Nos últimos vinte anos a
Europa tem tido líderes frouxos, sem perspetiva de conjunto e que optaram
sempre pelos seus interesses mesquinhos em detrimento de um bem maior. Os
interesses nacionais sobrepuseram-se ao interesse geral, ao mesmo tempo em que
o favorecimento de negócios e modelos económicos contra as pessoas, que
esmagaram os mais pobres, criando exércitos de desempregados, abriram espaço
para o retorno dos nacionalismos e dos extremismos, como se os anos de 1930
estivessem de volta. A culpa não é de quem faz o discurso do ódio. Afirmar isso
seria fácil demais. A culpa é de quem lhes facilitou a vida, através de
políticas que destroem a cidadania e a ideia de Europa. Vinte anos de más
políticas e opções erradas criaram o contexto, mas nada como a humilhação
imposta à Grécia serviu para mostrar a todos como não existe solidariedade dentro
desta união. A política monetária de anos, favorecendo ricos contra pobres (até
Mario Draghi ter mudado a tendência) e as imposições e exigências do ministro Schäuble
clarificaram para quem ainda tinha dúvidas que esta Europa não servia.
Maus líderes e interesses menores estragaram o projeto
europeu. Temos de reconhecer. E agora?
Só há duas hipóteses.
Ou destruir a União Europeia e acabar com o centralismo não
democrático de burocratas obscuros, mas deixando os extremistas e nacionalistas
imporem os seus pontos de vista.
Ou reforçar a democracia e a voz das populações, num modelo
reformulado que permita construir um projeto solidário, em que os cidadãos se
revejam (ao contrário do modelo seguido nos últimos vinte anos), expurgando do
comando do sistema burocratas sem rosto, abrindo à sociedade e fortalecendo a
coesão entre pobres e ricos, num espaço que possa voltar a ser um exemplo de
valores para o mundo e integração inclusiva de todos (incluindo os refugiados
que procuram abrigo junto de nós). Pessoalmente, prefiro esta opção.
Lideranças nefastas estragaram o projeto da União Europeia.
Tratemos agora de recuperar a pureza da ideia original.
quinta-feira, junho 23, 2016
The Economist: The future of artificial intelligence
EXPERTS warn that “the substitution of machinery for human labour” may “render the population redundant”. They worry that “the discovery of this mighty power” has come “before we knew how to employ it rightly”. Such fears are expressed today by those who worry that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) could destroy millions of jobs and pose a “Terminator”-style threat to humanity. But these are in fact the words of com...mentators discussing mechanisation and steam power two centuries ago. Back then the controversy over the dangers posed by machines was known as the “machinery question”. Now a very similar debate is under way.
After many false dawns, AI has made extraordinary progress in the past few years, thanks to a versatile technique called “deep learning”. Given enough data, large (or “deep”) neural networks, modelled on the brain’s architecture, can be trained to do all kinds of things. They power Google’s search engine, Facebook’s automatic photo tagging, Apple’s voice assistant, Amazon’s shopping recommendations and Tesla’s self-driving cars. But this rapid progress has also led to concerns about safety and job losses. Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and others wonder whether AI could get out of control, precipitating a sci-fi conflict between people and machines. Others worry that AI will cause widespread unemployment, by automating cognitive tasks that could previously be done only by people. After 200 years, the machinery question is back. It needs to be answered.
READ MORE: http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21701119-what-history-tells-us-about-future-artificial-intelligenceand-how-society-should?cid1=cust%2Fednew%2Fn%2Fbl%2Fn%2F20160623n%2Fowned%2Fn%2Fn%2Fnwl%2Fn%2Fn%2FEU%2Fn
READ MORE: http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21701119-what-history-tells-us-about-future-artificial-intelligenceand-how-society-should?cid1=cust%2Fednew%2Fn%2Fbl%2Fn%2F20160623n%2Fowned%2Fn%2Fn%2Fnwl%2Fn%2Fn%2FEU%2Fn
terça-feira, junho 21, 2016
domingo, junho 19, 2016
sexta-feira, junho 17, 2016
INSCRIÇÕES ABERTAS! Estudar em Paris? Oportunidade para estudantes da CPLP continuarem a sua formação académica e profissional.
O OLAE estabeleceu uma parceria internacional com uma
instituição de ensino superior de excelência em França, para possibilitar o
acesso de estudantes internacionais, vindos de todos os países da CPLP, à
formação graduada e pós-graduada do SDMI – Sustainable Development Management
Institute. As inscrições estão agora abertas. INSCREVA-SE JÁ!
O SDMI – Sustainable Development Management Institute
oferece formação académica de excelência com professores de top mundial, vindos
de vários países, com multiculturalidade de alunos, sendo uma oportunidade
única para ganhar conhecimentos e competências num contexto muito prático e com
acompanhamento até dois anos após o fim formal dos estudos, interagindo também
com colegas vindos de todo o mundo.
Viver em França, estudando em rede com Portugal, com
acompanhamento de professores portugueses, que também colaboram com o SDMI e alargar os seus horizontes, ao mesmo tempo em que obtém
ferramentas de excelência para o seu futuro, são agora uma oportunidade ao
alcance de todos os estudantes de países membros da CPLP.
Para mais informações contacte a
responsável do OLAE pelo apoio a estudantes internacionais, Daniela Couto, por
mail para daniela.couto@olae.pt
ou pelo telefone 00351 919 511 665.
Siga o OLAE também no Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/observatorioolae
segunda-feira, junho 13, 2016
UNHCR report sees 2017 resettlement needs at 1.19 million
UN Refugee Agency study finds the number of people in need of resettlement far surpasses the opportunities for placement in a third country.
With a multitude of conflicts and crises causing record displacement around the world, resettlement has become an increasingly vital part of the UN Refugee Agency’s efforts to find solutions and advocate for fairer responsibility-sharing for refugees, a UNHCR report released today found.
The Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2017 report was released at an annual meeting in Geneva on Monday (June 13). It says that more than one million refugees were submitted by UNHCR to over 30 resettlement countries in the past decade, the number of people in need of resettlement far surpasses the opportunities for placement in a third country.
The report says that despite increased resettlement quotas from some countries, expansion in global resettlement capacity, and increases in submissions, the projected number of people in need of resettlement in 2017 will pass 1.19 million.
In response, UNHCR expects to submit 170,000 refugees for resettlement next year, based on the expected global quotas from resettlement states. This compares to a current target of some 143,000 in 2016 and more than 100,000 in each of 2015 and 2014 respectively. Despite the increase in quotas from states and submissions made, the gap in terms of needs remains great.
The 1.19 million forecast is up 72 per cent on the projected needs of 691,000 in 2014, before large-scale resettlement of Syrians began. In 2017, Syrians are projected to account for 40 per cent of needs, followed by Sudan (11 per cent), Afghanistan (10 per cent) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (9 per cent).
Projected Global Resettlement Needs also reports that 2015 was a record year for submissions with 134,044, up 29 percent from the 103,890 recorded in 2014.
“We are seeing resettlement taken to a new level and that enhanced resettlement can be an effective means of sharing the responsibility for refugee protection,” High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said. “But much more needs to be done to keep pace with the growing numbers of acutely vulnerable.
“Resettlement is now more important than ever as a solution, and we must grasp this opportunity to increase the number of refugees benefitting from it, as well as other avenues for admission,” he added. UNHCR estimates more than 1 million, are in need of resettlement because they are unable to return home or integrate in host countries for a variety of reasons.
The Syrian crisis marked a major shift in the focus of resettlement, which continues to resonate. By 2014, Syrians were the largest group referred for resettlement and by 2015 an average two out of every five submissions were Syrians compared to one out of five in 2014. Other top countries of origin in 2015 included Democratic Republic of the Congo (20,527), Iraq (11,161), Somalia (10,193) and Myanmar (9,738). These four countries and Syria, with 53,305, made up almost 80 per cent of submissions that year.
Resettlement remains an effective measure for people in need such as survivors of violence or torture, who last year accounted for 24 per cent of submissions – a quadrupling since 2005 – and women and girls at risk of abuse (about 12 per cent).
The United States in 2015 accepted 82,491 resettlement submissions from UNHCR in 2015 (62 per cent of all submissions), followed by Canada (22,886), Australia (9,321), Norway (3,806) and the United Kingdom (3,622).
In Africa, the number of submissions rose from 35,079 in 2014 to 38,870. A total 21,620 submissions came from Asia-Pacific countries in 2015, some 16 per cent of global submissions. This was a fall from previous years due in part to the pursuit of other solutions in the region.
In the America’s just 1,390 submissions were made in 2015, down from 1,800 in 2014 and reflecting efforts in Ecuador to focus on integration for Colombian refugees.
A total 53,331 referrals originated from UNHCR’s operations in the Middle East and North Africa region, up 130 percent from 2014 and some 40 per cent of the global total. UNHCR offices in Europe recorded the highest number of submissions this decade at 18,833, mostly from Turkey.
To tackle growing needs UNHCR is also focusing on how complementary paths such as humanitarian visas, family reunion and scholarships could help bridge the gaps in terms of needs. At a high-level conference in Geneva last March, UNHCR called on countries around the world to provide admission through resettlement and other channels to 10 per cent of Syrian refugees, or 480,000.
Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2017 was released on the first day of the Annual Tripartite Consultations for Resettlement, gathering representatives from UNHCR, resettlement countries and NGOs. Co-chaired by the Dutch government and the Dutch Council for Refugees in partnership with UNHCR, it is the most important multilateral forum to advance the resettlement agenda to the benefit of refugees and receiving communities.
You can read the report here.
UNHCR
With a multitude of conflicts and crises causing record displacement around the world, resettlement has become an increasingly vital part of the UN Refugee Agency’s efforts to find solutions and advocate for fairer responsibility-sharing for refugees, a UNHCR report released today found.
The Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2017 report was released at an annual meeting in Geneva on Monday (June 13). It says that more than one million refugees were submitted by UNHCR to over 30 resettlement countries in the past decade, the number of people in need of resettlement far surpasses the opportunities for placement in a third country.
The report says that despite increased resettlement quotas from some countries, expansion in global resettlement capacity, and increases in submissions, the projected number of people in need of resettlement in 2017 will pass 1.19 million.
In response, UNHCR expects to submit 170,000 refugees for resettlement next year, based on the expected global quotas from resettlement states. This compares to a current target of some 143,000 in 2016 and more than 100,000 in each of 2015 and 2014 respectively. Despite the increase in quotas from states and submissions made, the gap in terms of needs remains great.
The 1.19 million forecast is up 72 per cent on the projected needs of 691,000 in 2014, before large-scale resettlement of Syrians began. In 2017, Syrians are projected to account for 40 per cent of needs, followed by Sudan (11 per cent), Afghanistan (10 per cent) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (9 per cent).
Projected Global Resettlement Needs also reports that 2015 was a record year for submissions with 134,044, up 29 percent from the 103,890 recorded in 2014.
“We are seeing resettlement taken to a new level and that enhanced resettlement can be an effective means of sharing the responsibility for refugee protection,” High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said. “But much more needs to be done to keep pace with the growing numbers of acutely vulnerable.
“Resettlement is now more important than ever as a solution, and we must grasp this opportunity to increase the number of refugees benefitting from it, as well as other avenues for admission,” he added. UNHCR estimates more than 1 million, are in need of resettlement because they are unable to return home or integrate in host countries for a variety of reasons.
The Syrian crisis marked a major shift in the focus of resettlement, which continues to resonate. By 2014, Syrians were the largest group referred for resettlement and by 2015 an average two out of every five submissions were Syrians compared to one out of five in 2014. Other top countries of origin in 2015 included Democratic Republic of the Congo (20,527), Iraq (11,161), Somalia (10,193) and Myanmar (9,738). These four countries and Syria, with 53,305, made up almost 80 per cent of submissions that year.
Resettlement remains an effective measure for people in need such as survivors of violence or torture, who last year accounted for 24 per cent of submissions – a quadrupling since 2005 – and women and girls at risk of abuse (about 12 per cent).
The United States in 2015 accepted 82,491 resettlement submissions from UNHCR in 2015 (62 per cent of all submissions), followed by Canada (22,886), Australia (9,321), Norway (3,806) and the United Kingdom (3,622).
In Africa, the number of submissions rose from 35,079 in 2014 to 38,870. A total 21,620 submissions came from Asia-Pacific countries in 2015, some 16 per cent of global submissions. This was a fall from previous years due in part to the pursuit of other solutions in the region.
In the America’s just 1,390 submissions were made in 2015, down from 1,800 in 2014 and reflecting efforts in Ecuador to focus on integration for Colombian refugees.
A total 53,331 referrals originated from UNHCR’s operations in the Middle East and North Africa region, up 130 percent from 2014 and some 40 per cent of the global total. UNHCR offices in Europe recorded the highest number of submissions this decade at 18,833, mostly from Turkey.
To tackle growing needs UNHCR is also focusing on how complementary paths such as humanitarian visas, family reunion and scholarships could help bridge the gaps in terms of needs. At a high-level conference in Geneva last March, UNHCR called on countries around the world to provide admission through resettlement and other channels to 10 per cent of Syrian refugees, or 480,000.
Projected Global Resettlement Needs 2017 was released on the first day of the Annual Tripartite Consultations for Resettlement, gathering representatives from UNHCR, resettlement countries and NGOs. Co-chaired by the Dutch government and the Dutch Council for Refugees in partnership with UNHCR, it is the most important multilateral forum to advance the resettlement agenda to the benefit of refugees and receiving communities.
You can read the report here.
UNHCR
domingo, junho 12, 2016
Ontario's Basic Income Experiment Coming This Fall.
A single paragraph buried in the Ontario budget could mean big changes in the lives of some of the province's most impoverished residents by giving them a guaranteed minimum income.
Last month's provincial budget promised a pilot project to test "that a basic income could build on the success of minimum wage policies and increases in child benefits by providing more consistent and predictable support."
The concept is on the radar of the federal Liberals, too — a Liberal-dominated parliamentary committee called on the Trudeau government to explore the concept of guaranteeing people a minimum income in a pre-budget report tabled Friday.
Charles Sousa, Ontario's finance minister, said the province has not decided which community will be the test site for a basic income guarantee.
"It's something that many people seem to have an interest in us testing out, so we're looking at something in the fall," he said. "Other jurisdictions are using it, and I want to see if it makes sense for us, so it's important for us to pilot, to test it out, and see what happens."
Proponents say a guaranteed minimum income, which would see families living below the poverty line topped up to a set level, would be more efficient and less costly than administering the existing series of social programs that help low-income residents.
They also say poverty is one of the biggest determinants of health, and a guaranteed minimum income could mean reduced health-care costs.
"Poverty costs us all. It expands health-care costs, policing burdens and depresses the economy," Sen. Art Eggleton said last month as he called for a national pilot project of a basic income guarantee.
About nine per cent of Canadians live in poverty, but the numbers are much higher for single mothers and indigenous communities.
If Ontario's basic income pilot project is designed correctly, it could help eliminate some of the "perverse incentives" that institutionalize poverty, said Danielle Martin, vice president of Women's College Hospital in Toronto.
"We want to design programs that will give people who need it income security, but will not discourage them from entering the workforce," said Martin.
"And it's entirely possible, if we design this pilot right, that we can actually have a major impact on the health outcomes for some of the most vulnerable people in the province, and that can save tremendous amounts of money in the health-care system down the road."
Canada experimented with a guaranteed minimum income in Dauphin, Manitoba in the early 1970s. The so-called Mincome project found it did not discourage people from working, except for two key groups: new mothers, and teenaged boys who opted to stay in school until graduation.
The Mincome project also found an 8.5 per cent reduction in hospital visits in Dauphin during the experiment, said Martin.
"People had fewer visits because of mental health problems," she said. "There were fewer low birth-weight babies, so very concrete and immediate impacts in terms of people's health."
The Income Security Advocacy Centre said care must be taken to ensure no one is worse off as a result of the Ontario pilot for a basic income guarantee.
People on social assistance in Ontario also get their prescription drugs and dental bills paid for, as well as help with child care, and they should not lose those benefits with a basic income guarantee, added Martin.
"It's called the welfare wall, a phenomenon where people, even if they could find part-time work or lower paying work — they're actually better off in some ways by staying on social assistance because of those other benefits," she said.
"For some people, that makes it basically impossible to get off of welfare."
People should not be concerned that a guaranteed minimum income would mean those on social assistance are suddenly living on easy street, said Eggleton.
"This wouldn't be the good life," he told the Senate. "It would provide a floor, a foundation that low-income people can then build upon for a better life."
Social programs should lift people out of poverty, not keep them there, and a basic income is a new approach that could work, added Eggleton.
"How we have dealt with poverty has failed," he said. "We need to test a different approach."
()
-Advertisement-
x
The concept is on the radar of the federal Liberals, too — a Liberal-dominated parliamentary committee called on the Trudeau government to explore the concept of guaranteeing people a minimum income in a pre-budget report tabled Friday.
Charles Sousa, Ontario's finance minister, said the province has not decided which community will be the test site for a basic income guarantee.
"It's something that many people seem to have an interest in us testing out, so we're looking at something in the fall," he said. "Other jurisdictions are using it, and I want to see if it makes sense for us, so it's important for us to pilot, to test it out, and see what happens."
Proponents say a guaranteed minimum income, which would see families living below the poverty line topped up to a set level, would be more efficient and less costly than administering the existing series of social programs that help low-income residents.
They also say poverty is one of the biggest determinants of health, and a guaranteed minimum income could mean reduced health-care costs.
"Poverty costs us all. It expands health-care costs, policing burdens and depresses the economy," Sen. Art Eggleton said last month as he called for a national pilot project of a basic income guarantee.
About nine per cent of Canadians live in poverty, but the numbers are much higher for single mothers and indigenous communities.
If Ontario's basic income pilot project is designed correctly, it could help eliminate some of the "perverse incentives" that institutionalize poverty, said Danielle Martin, vice president of Women's College Hospital in Toronto.
"We want to design programs that will give people who need it income security, but will not discourage them from entering the workforce," said Martin.
"And it's entirely possible, if we design this pilot right, that we can actually have a major impact on the health outcomes for some of the most vulnerable people in the province, and that can save tremendous amounts of money in the health-care system down the road."
Canada experimented with a guaranteed minimum income in Dauphin, Manitoba in the early 1970s. The so-called Mincome project found it did not discourage people from working, except for two key groups: new mothers, and teenaged boys who opted to stay in school until graduation.
The Mincome project also found an 8.5 per cent reduction in hospital visits in Dauphin during the experiment, said Martin.
"People had fewer visits because of mental health problems," she said. "There were fewer low birth-weight babies, so very concrete and immediate impacts in terms of people's health."
The Income Security Advocacy Centre said care must be taken to ensure no one is worse off as a result of the Ontario pilot for a basic income guarantee.
People on social assistance in Ontario also get their prescription drugs and dental bills paid for, as well as help with child care, and they should not lose those benefits with a basic income guarantee, added Martin.
"It's called the welfare wall, a phenomenon where people, even if they could find part-time work or lower paying work — they're actually better off in some ways by staying on social assistance because of those other benefits," she said.
"For some people, that makes it basically impossible to get off of welfare."
People should not be concerned that a guaranteed minimum income would mean those on social assistance are suddenly living on easy street, said Eggleton.
"This wouldn't be the good life," he told the Senate. "It would provide a floor, a foundation that low-income people can then build upon for a better life."
Social programs should lift people out of poverty, not keep them there, and a basic income is a new approach that could work, added Eggleton.
"How we have dealt with poverty has failed," he said. "We need to test a different approach."
()
Critérios de correção do 3º teste de avaliação contínua de Macroeconomia I (Teoria) - Referência para os estudantes.
1. Explique em que
consiste a intervenção do Banco Central com objetivos de esterilização e a
condução da política monetária que lhe está associada.
(3 valores)
O aluno obtém 1 valor se indicar que a
esterilização corresponde à anulação, através da intervenção do Banco Central
dos efeitos que as forças do mercado produzem sobre a taxa de câmbio.
O aluno obtém 1 valor se referir algumas (pelo
menos duas) das operações que o Banco Central pode efetuar para atingir os objetivos
de esterilização, nomeadamente operações de compra e venda de moeda, por
exemplo operações realizadas em mercado aberto, coordenação de políticas com
outros bancos centrais.
O aluno obtém 0,5 valores se afirmar que a política
monetária associada a esta opção tem o objetivo de manter fixa a cotação
cambial.
O aluno obtém os 0,5 valores restantes se a
explicação estiver coerente e corretamente apresentada.
2.
Explique
a relação entre a determinação do nível de preços de equilíbrio numa economia aberta
e a conjuntura económica, nomeadamente a diferença entre o PIB potencial e o
PIB efetivo, não deixando de refletir sobre a eventualidade de existência de
pressões inflacionistas, em função da conjuntura económica, interna e externa.
(4 valores)
O aluno obtém 0,5
valores se indicar que a determinação do nível dos preços de equilíbrio depende
da conjuntura económica.
O aluno obtém 1,00
valor se explicar que o nível de preços e a taxa de inflação aumenta quando a
economia se encontra em sobreaquecimento.
O aluno obtém 1,00 valor
se explicar que o nível de preços de equilíbrio e a taxa de inflação diminui
quando a economia se encontra em recessão.
O aluno obtém 1,00
valor se explicar a forma como existem pressões inflacionistas em função do
sobreaquecimento conjuntural da economia, referindo a hipótese de existência de
“inflação importada”.
Caso o aluno dê alguma
explicação correta, por exemplo relacionando a determinação do nível de preços
com o salário nominal, sobre a forma como se produz, pelo menos um destes
efeitos, nomeadamente recorrendo à ilustração gráfica, garante a obtenção dos
0,5 valores adicionais.
(3 valores)
O aluno obtém 1,00 valor se explicar o que é o multiplicador e como
funciona.
O aluno obtém 1,00 valores se referir as três formas do dinheiro deixar de
circular numa economia, a saber: Poupança; Impostos e Importações.
O aluno obtém 0,5 valores se explicar que o aumento da propensão marginal a
importar levará à diminuição do valor do multiplicador enquanto a diminuição da
propensão marginal a importar leva ao aumento do multiplicador.
O aluno obtém os 0,5 valores restantes se a explicação estiver coerente e
corretamente apresentada.
sexta-feira, junho 10, 2016
Rendimento Básico Incondicional e Opção entre Lazer e Trabalho.
Nós vivemos numa sociedade cada vez mais dominada pelo poder
do dinheiro e que trucida os excluídos, sendo o desemprego, a falta de ocupação
e a falta de oportunidades de obtenção de rendimento uma realidade que atinge
cada vez mais as sociedades mais desenvolvidas e ricas.
No entanto, a produção de bens à escala mundial cria
oportunidade de todos os humanos viverem com dignidade e com o acesso mínimo básico
às condições de vida essenciais.
Assim, a opção mais benéfica para a humanidade parece ser a
de conjugar o trabalho com maior tempo para o lazer, sendo as pessoas
remuneradas adicionalmente apenas por serem pessoas e não pelo trabalho que
fazem, recebendo um valor mínimo que lhes permita continuar a consumir e viver
com dignidade.
Esta discussão ainda agora está a começar, mas é todo o
conceito de modelo económico e de sociedade que terá de ser debatido.
Por nós estaremos prontos para participar deste debate.
Subscrever:
Mensagens (Atom)